King Solomons Mines Essays - English-language Films,

King Solomon's Mines Analysis of King Solomon's Mines' undertone of Sexism During the nineteenth century, women were viewed as inferior to men. Men also saw women as prizes as well as possessions. We can see this undertone in the book King Solomon's Mines by H.Rider Haggard. Here, the writer uses Lyn Pykett's essay Gender, Degeneration, Renovation: Some Contexts of the Modern as the backbone for the comparison and discussion. As Allen Quartermain and company gets closer and closer to the diamonds, the description of the scenery is very feministic: For the nipple of the mountain did not rise out of its exact center.(Haggard 101) As someone had pointed out that the map included in the book also has a hint of a female body, if turned upside down. The Sheba's breasts resemble the breasts of a female, and the location of the diamonds and treasures, which is further down the map, signifies the private of a female. Woman is a wholly sexual creature, to be defined entirely in terms of sexual relations and the reproductive function.(Pykett 23) When a man meets a woman, his ultimate goal is to get, as Haggard implied in the book, the treasures of the woman; therefore, one can also relate to the scene where Allen Quartermain and company makes a great effort to reach Sheba's breasts. During that phase of the trip, they face many hardships, such as starvation and dehydration. This part of the book could be interpreted as the time when a woman tells her man to slow down because she is not ready to be intimate, yet man, like the characters in the book would continue to strive to their ultimate goal. It is also important to note that after the characters reached Sheba's breasts; they found a stream, killed an inco and had a big feast. Here is a quote from Allen Quartermain after the treat, complementing the view of Sheba's breasts: I know not how to describe the glorious panorama which unfolded itself to our enraptured gaze. I have never seen anything like it before, nor shall, I suppose, again.(Haggard 104) Another point that should be observed is the fact that the road to the treasure becomes wide and smooth: It was a very different business traveling along down hill on that magnificent pathway?. Every mile we walked the atmosphere grew softer and balmier, and the country before us shone with a yet more luminous beauty(Haggard 107). This part of the literature signifies men's thoughts when they g et to that first stage of intimacy. Men rejoice, which is equivalent to having a big feast. Men also think that the road to the next stage of intimacy would be smooth sailing after he has broken the first barrier. During the later part of the story, when Quartermain Company are close to finding the Solomon's treasure, they encounter more difficulties. For example, they were in the middle of the war facing the wrath of Twala's army, and also witch doctress Gagool's trap, to which encounter almost cost them their lives. Again, these obstacles portray the idea of how a woman does not want to give, while the man would, even at the risk of dying, attempt to acquire it. Eventually, Allen Quartermain, Sir Henry Curtis, and Captain Good, get what they sought after. They had conquered the obstacles and attained the diamonds. One is safe to say that, men ultimately conquers women and gets what they desire according to the hidden connotation of the story. At the conclusion of the story one can add that, only men had survived. Both evil Gagool and fair Foulata perishes over the course of searching for the treasures, which, brings up the theme of survival of the fittest, where, only the strong continue to exist. How woman or women should be represented was clearly very closely linked to the question of who represents woman/women. (Pykett 20) In Haggard's book, the way he wanted to represent women was clear and evident. Notice how he describes the women when Allen Quartermain and company first entered the village: These women are, exceedingly handsome. They are tall and graceful, and their figures are wonderfully fine. Their hair, though short, is rather curly than woolly. Their

Lewis Dot Structure Example - Octet Rule Exception

Lewis Dot Structure Example - Octet Rule Exception Lewis dot structures are useful to predict the geometry of a molecule. Sometimes, one of the atoms in the molecule does not follow the octet rule for arranging electron pairs around an atom. This example uses the steps outlined in How to Draw A Lewis Structure to draw a Lewis structure of a molecule where one atom is an exception to the octet rule. Review of Electron Counting The total number of electrons shown in a Lewis structure is the sum of the valence electrons of each atom. Remember: non-valence electrons are not shown. Once the number of valence electrons has been determined, here is the list of steps normally followed to place the dots around the atoms: Connect the atoms by single chemical bonds.The number of electrons to be placed is t-2n, where t is the total number of electrons and n is the number of single bonds. Place these electrons as lone pairs, starting with outer electrons (besides hydrogen) until every outer electrons has 8 electrons. Place lone pairs on most electronegative atoms first.After lone pairs are placed, central atoms may lack an octet. These atoms form a double bond. Move a lone pair to form the second bond.Question:Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule with molecular formula ICl3.Solution:Step 1: Find the total number of valence electrons.Iodine has 7 valence electronsChlorine has 7 valence electronsTotal valence electrons 1 iodine (7) 3 chlorine (3 x 7)Total valence electrons 7 21Total valence electrons 28Step 2: Find the number of electrons needed to make the atoms happyIodine needs 8 valence electronsChlorine needs 8 valence electronsTotal valence electrons to be happy 1 iodine (8) 3 chlorine (3 x 8)Total valence electrons to be happy 8 24Total valence electrons to be happy 32Step 3: Determine the number of bonds in the molecule.number of bonds (Step 2 - Step 1)/2number of bonds (32 - 28)/2number of bonds 4/2number of bonds 2This is how to identify an exception to the octet rule. There are not enough bonds for the number of atoms in molecule. ICl3 should have three bonds to bond the four atoms together. Step 4: Choose a central atom.Halogens are often the outer atoms of a molecule. In this case, all the atoms are halogens. Iodine is the least electronegative of the the two elements. Use iodine as the center atom.Step 5: Draw a skeletal structure.Since we do not have enough bonds to connect all four atoms together, connect the central atom to the other three with three single bonds.Step 6: Place electrons around outside atoms.Complete the octets around the chlorine atoms. Each chlorine should get six electrons to complete their octets.Step 7: Place remaining electrons around the central atom.Place the remaining four electrons around the iodine atom to complete the structure. The completed structure appears at the beginning of the example. Limitations of Lewis Structures Lewis structures first came into use early in the twentieth century when chemical bonding was poorly understood. Electron dot diagrams help illustrate electronic structure of molecules and chemical reactivity. Their use remains popular with chemistry educators introducing the valence-bond model of chemical bonds and they are often used in organic chemistry, where the valence-bond model is largely appropriate. However, in the fields of inorganic chemistry and organometallic chemistry, delocalized molecular orbitals are common and Lewis structures dont accurately predict behavior. While its possible to draw a Lewis structure for a molecule known empirically to contain unpaired electrons, use of such structures leads to errors in estimating bond length, magnetic properties, and aromaticity. Examples of these molecules include molecular oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), and chlorine dioxide (ClO2). While Lewis structures have some value, the reader is advised valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory do a better job describing the behavior of valence shell electrons. Sources Lever, A. B. P. (1972). Lewis Structures and the Octet Rule. An automatic procedure for writing canonical forms. J. Chem. Educ. 49 (12): 819.  doi:10.1021/ed049p819Lewis, G. N. (1916). The Atom and the Molecule. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38 (4): 762–85. doi:10.1021/ja02261a002Miessler, G.L.; Tarr, D.A. (2003). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice–Hall. ISBN 0-13-035471-6.Zumdahl, S. (2005). Chemical Principles. Houghton-Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-37206-7.

Rainbow Fire Halloween Jack-o-Lantern

Rainbow Fire Halloween Jack-o-Lantern Create a spectacular multicolored fire pumpkin for Halloween! This rainbow fire jack-o-lantern is easy to make.   Rainbow Fire Pumpkin Materials You only need a few basic materials for this project. The hand sanitizer contains alcohol, which is flammable, but self-extinguishes due to the water in the product. The boric acid or borax provides additional color to the flames. Carved Halloween jack-o-lantern (use a real pumpkin - plastic will melt!)Hand sanitizerBoric acid or borax What You Do Smear hand sanitizer all over the outside and inside of the jack-o-lantern.Dust the pumpkin with boric acid or borax. You dont need very much to achieve a nice colored effect. Just a light sprinkling will suffice,Ignite the jack-o-lantern.The flame goes out on its own fairly quickly as the alcohol in the hand sanitizer gets used up, leaving you with water. How It Works Boric acid or borax (either works) emit a green light when heated in a flame. The jack-o-lantern gives off a multicolored fire because you have the natural blue of the alcohol flame from the hand sanitizer, the green from the boric acid, orange light coming through the carved pumpkin, plus other colors from where the pumpkin juice mixes with the flame. The pumpkin flesh contains sodium, which imparts a yellow color to the fire. Tips and Safety You dont have to use boric acid or borax. Try other flame colorants for a different color blend.This is a fire project, so adult supervision is required.Be sure to perform this project on a fire-safe surface.You can extinguish the flame at any time by blowing it out.

Love or Morality.What Takes Precedent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Love or Morality.What Takes Precedent - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss how love, and morality is intertwined with an aim of finding out which one is precedes the other. It is undeniable that the power of love is greater than any other feeling that man can experience. It makes people do unimaginable things. However, love, like any other aspect of life is governed by social rules and expectations, which are collectively referred to as morality. Gurov, a banker in Moscow had been married for a long time and had two sons and a beautiful daughter. However, his relationship with his wife was not in good terms. In fact, â€Å"he secretly considered her shallow, narrow-minded, and dowdy, he  stood in awe of her, and disliked being at home† (Chekhov web). Although there were no conflicts, it was certain that love missed in the marriage. This is a clear evidence of ambiguity since the society thought of the family as a happy and loving family. According to the society, they were expected to remain in their stale relationship i n order to maintain moral integrity. Certainly, the absence of love in the marriage initially made him despise and classify women as â€Å"the lower race.† This was notwithstanding that, the same women were the source of love that he longed for. He recounted the many times that he would sleep with other women but would not find the true love â€Å"when they discovered their mistake, they went on loving him just the same. And not one of them had ever been happy with him† (Chekhov web). Many of the women loved him not because of who he was but because of who they thought he was. This is a phenomenon worth noting. Chekhov intended to show that love can make people compromise their moral standards, or at least the moral standards set by the society. However, it is evident that morality failed in this situation where Gurov slept with so many women due to lack of love. Most notably, Gurov was willing to compromise his moral standards and cheat on his wife. However, he was al ways very careful not to make it known by the society. Therefore, he still maintained a cover over the societal moral standards. A twist of events happened when Gurov met with Anna. Anna  had gone to the town for a vacation and most importantly, to take time off her husband. She too was tired of loveless relationship with her husband. A relationship ensued and the two new lovers began recounting the predicaments that had befallen them in their lives. At this moment, it was evident that Anna had experienced a loveless life with her husband. She felt that she had all along been deceiving herself. She claimed, â€Å"I despise myself and have not the least thought of self-justification. It is not my husband I have deceived, it's myself. And not only now, I have been deceiving myself for ever so long† (Chekhov web). Although her husband was an honest man, she certainly did not love him. Therefore, she experienced the same ambiguous situation with Gurov. It was easy for her to co mpromise the moral integrity due to lack of love in the marriage. Similarly, she was afraid to put it open to the society in fear of compromising the moral standards set by the society. It does not come by surprise that she slept with Gurov albeit in secrecy. The two fell in love and it became apparent that they were meant to be together. However, Anna was recalled by her ailing husband and had to go back. Although the two were deeply in love, they still respected the moral values of the family and therefore agreed that she had to go and attend to her

The woman warrior by maxine hong kingston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The woman warrior by maxine hong kingston - Essay Example This story is evocative of Chinese patriarchy and a society where a woman in a socially undesirable position finds everything being stripped away from her, including her identity, so that when Kingston’s mother tells her the story, she informs her daughter that â€Å"We say that your father has all brothers because it is as if she had never been born† (Kingston 1). Such is the harsh fate that meets women and her mother uses this story as a basis to caution her daughter against sexual indiscretion, for it is not the man who must suffer the consequences, but the woman. There is no attempt made by anyone in her family to even consider that the aunt could have been a victim of rape or a passionate sexual individualist as Kingston imagines - instead, the villagers attack her family home and humiliate her to the point where her life becomes unbearable and she finally kills herself. The section of the book titled â€Å"White Tigers† is one of the best stories indicating the dichotomy in the treatment accorded to women as opposed to men. Kingston narrates the old Chinese saying which states that â€Å"when fishing for treasures in the flood, be careful not to pull in girls’, because that is what one says about daughters, even when one is in America (Kingston 52). Her own family is no different, because they mouth the same words and prepare the same ink drawings of unwanted little girl babies being pushed down the river with long flood hooks. She remarks with irony that she has read in an anthropology book that the Chinese say â€Å"Girls are necessary too† (Kingston 52-53), but in her own experience, she has not found it to be so. The story of White Tigers is Kingston’s re-telling of the traditional story of the Chinese warrior, Fa Mu Lan, a woman who dons the guise of a man, creating a character who is not limited by the boundaries of her gender. She is a brave swordswoman, and Kingston’s writing brings her fighting skills to life in stunning visuals

Paradigm in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Paradigm in Nursing Essay Nursing as any science is a tentative, testable and falsifiable discipline. It undergoes: empirical observation, hypothesis development, experiment, results/finding and finally conclusion. Basing on the finding, one can accept or reject the hypothesis. Theory has been seen as the model of the ethics of conducting a set up and while forth is in position to predict future occurrences or observations of the same kind and capable of being tested through experiment or otherwise verified through observation. Each theory has set principles on how to verify it known as paradigm. Discussion Paradigms are a set of postulations; practices shared by a particular body, say a community of researchers and stems from a single theme. The paradigm seeks to regulate inquiry into the discipline that is concerned. It can therefore be viewed as the norm which the scientists or researchers can use as platform which they can agree of disagree depending on their findings. The various paradigms have one thing in common. They are characterized by ontological, epistemological and methodological differences in their approaches to conducting research (Demarest, et al 1993). This in return contributes to paradigm shift. Paradigm is seen to supersede mere interpretation of the tabulated finding or basic understanding in general. Superstition of paradigm consequently gives varied contribution in the area of disciplinary knowledge construction. Depending on the researchers sentiments/he may consider these differences so vast that one paradigm is inequivalent to another. Alternatively, these differences may be ignored or combined so as to conduct the research needed. To accomplish the task of developing nursing knowledge for use in practice, there is a need for a critical, integrated understanding of the paradigms used for nursing inquiry. This is arising due to the fact that each paradigm has a shift (Demarest, et al 1993). For instance, Child development defects will be viewed from various aspects and hence differing paradigm. A biologist my evaluate child development in perspective that children will naturally gain knowledge as they physically grow and become older, provided that they are healthy. Others may view that the child gains knowledge depending on its surrounding or what it interact with; while others view that a child is due for school after it starts interacting with environment and people as well. A nurse scholar can thus decide to combine the three theories or ignore all to achieve what s/he is researching on. Conclusion In conclusion the nurse researcher should weigh the pros and cons of a particular paradigm in his/her approach to assess of existing knowledge and thereby fill the informational gaps. This is because dominance of a particular paradigm is influenced by a number of factors. These may include: the source of finance for the research, government influence, biases from the journal and editors of the print, conferences and symposiums held, coverage by the media, educators who are responsible of spreading the paradigm to their students as well as the professional bodies which may favor a particular paradigm. However, paradigm should be natural and operational in all times.

The Effects of Poverty on the Lives of Children Essay -- Papers Britai

The Effects of Poverty on the Lives of Children Child poverty is common in the United Kingdom, 21% of all children were classified as poor in 1995. One child in three spends at least one year in poverty over his or her lifetime, and for more than 5% of children, poverty lasts 10 years or more. Most poor children are subject to a number of risk factors in addition to low family income; nonetheless, research shows that poverty has selective, but in some cases quite substantial, effects on child and adolescent well-being. Poor children not only experience material deprivation but also are more likely than non poor children to experience a number of undesirable outcomes including poor health and death, failure in school, out of wedlock births, and violent crime. Child poverty can be reduced by a combination of policies, versions of which are currently in place in the United Kingdom, to help families earn more and supplement earned income with other sources of cash (such as Child Tax Credits and Working Tax Credits). In addition, the effects of poverty can be reduced by programs that provide benefits in the form of goods and services (such as food, housing, and health care) which are vital to children's well-being. Despite the frequently voiced sentiment that few programs work, the United Kingdom has a number of effective programs in place that address the needs of poor children and reduce their numbers, although more can be done. To gather public support, however, interventions to improve conditions for poor children should be consistent with public values that hold society responsible for (a) meeting basic human needs for thos... ...n. Food, shelter, health care, and other necessities are crucial for children's well-being, and extra income can make life more enjoyable. The important question about which there is debate is whether the things that extra money, above a subsistence level of income, would buy make a big difference in child outcomes. The answer to this question is a qualified ?yes.? The qualification reflects the facts that income seems to have a larger, more consistent independent effect on some outcomes (such as school achievement in the early grades) than others (such as teenage childbearing) and that the timing and persistence of poverty are important factors in the size of its impact. These issues are explored further in the ensuing discussion of policies for poor children, which includes recommendations for specific interventions.

A day with the president

You may choose a fictional or real person. You may choose someone you know personally or a figure in history. You may choose a modern day celebrity. You may not choose a close friend or your parents. Place: You may choose a fictional or real place. It can be someplace that you have visited or would like to visit. You may not choose Langley High School, the beach, a vacation home, or your own bedroom. Thing: You may not choose a piece of Jewelry, an electronic device, or a car.Idea: You ay not choose the idea of success or the idea of love or hate. Event: You may not choose your graduation day or your wedding day. You may not choose the day of your birth. Introduction: Hook: The introduction must begin with a quotation that is important to you. You must give credit to the speaker (As my grandfather always says, Transition or Background Sentence: Your background or transition sentences must connect the hook to the thesis. There should be 4-5 of them.Thesis statement: This is the claim entence for your entire essay. It must include the three body paragraph topics in the order that you intend to present them. Body Paragraphs: You will choose three of the topics which you have gathered information about. You will write one paragraph about each topic. The first body paragraph will be significantly weaker than the third body paragraph. Conclusion: Your conclusion will be one of the topics that you did not cover in the body or it can be on the future you envision for yourself.Specifics: Prewriting due date: Peer review draft due date: Final draft due date: Paragraph length: Introduction: 8-10 sentences Body One: 8-10 sentences Body Two: 10-12 sentences Body Three: 12-15 sentences Conclusion: 8-10 sentences This is an informal essay. You may use contractions and personal pronouns. Please do not refer to yourself as â€Å"we† however. Please fill out this space with words you look up from a thesaurus to broaden your use of â€Å"influence† or â€Å"change. † This will be due on the same day as your prewriting.

American Popular Culture Essay

American popular culture has brought entertainment to many for the past two centuries. However, very little people know the extent to which American popular culture has shaped the historical relationship between marginalized social groups and dominate American society. Traditionally, the term popular culture has denoted the education level and general â€Å"cultural-ness† of the lower classes, as opposed to the â€Å"official culture† and higher education emanated by the dominant classes. This separation of upper class and lower class became even more pronounced towards the end of the 19th century. At the end of the 19th century the was a strong need for one to express their intellectualism as well as further their education in order to gain a higher status in society. Due to the need to denote other races, we have the arrival of black face minstrelsy in American popular culture, which allowed for inferior white races such as the Jewish of Irish to gain approval from the dominate white culture. However, black face minstrelsy also forced African Americans further into segregation from American society. During the period of Modernity from 1870 to 1930, there was a strong fascination with the Wild West and Manifest Destiny. During this time there was the formation of the Boy Scouts, which was the true depiction of what Americans thought it was like to be Native American. Due to irrational fears and anxieties, American popular culture took comfort in â€Å"playing Indian† because it allowed them to express these worries in American mainstream media. From the end of World War I, following major cultural and social changes brought by mass media innovations, the meaning of popular culture began to overlap with those of mass culture, media culture, and culture for mass consumption. Because of World War II, many women were put to work in order to fill the jobs of the men at war allowing them to gain a sense of independence. However, other events in history such as Vaudeville, and the idea of the New Woman also allowed women to gain a sense of power during the 19th century with pioneers such as Sarah Bernhardt. American popular culture was the gender revolutions biggest supporter as well as its biggest critic. Throughout American history, popular culture has been an entry way for marginal social groups into the political, economic, and social mainstream of American society. With Irish and Jewish males finally being accepted by dominate white society through the performance of black face minstrelsy as well as women being able to control their own being through expression in Vaudeville. However, while these minorities are able to further their social hierarchy through performance, African Americans and Native Americans were often exploited as a way of making profit. While American popular culture has its positive social constructions, I believe the negative effects that American popular culture has had on the historical relationship between marginal social groups and American society has caused too much damage to repair. Through acts such as the minstrelsy shows, the Buffalo Bill Show as well as films and plays of the time, minorities are depicted in a subordinate role to the Anglo-Saxon male. These acts within popular culture spilled over onto American society and allowed for the prejudice and racism of the 19th and 20th century. The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American popular culture entertainment consisting of comedy skits, variety acts, dancing, and music performed by white people in blackface. Blackface was when a White American would paint their face with black makeup and exaggerate their lips and being to impersonate an African American male. Minstrel shows caricatured black people as poor, lazy, dim-witted, buffoonish, happy-go-lucky and violent. The minstrel show began with brief parodies and comic entr’actes in the early 1830s and emerged as a full-fledged form of mass entertainment in the next decade. In 1848, blackface minstrel shows were the national art of the time, translating formal art such as opera into popular terms for a general audience. Minstrel songs and sketches featured several run-of-the-mill characters; the slave and the dandy in nice clothes quickly began the crowd favorites. These were further divided into sub-archetypes such as the mammy, her counterpart the old darky, the provocative mulatto wench, and the black soldier. Minstrel performers claimed that their songs and dances were authentically â€Å"black†, although the extent of the black influence remains debatable. The depictions of African Americans as these â€Å"token† characters, allowed for the ignorance of White America to be validated through the representation of minorities through stereotypes. African Americans were seen as bumbling fools who couldn’t take care of themselves and needed a White master to explain the world to their simple minds. African Americans were seen as people who needed someone to represent them; they needed someone with power to gain control of an â€Å"untamed† culture. A certain version of a black identity can be created through things like the minstrel show and other forms of popular culture, and that understanding has led to material practices like racial segregation and social inequality and educational deprivation. Americans use to believe that race could be distinguished biologically and that different ethnicities had different DNA coding than others. American popular culture is how most people learn about other identities and allowed them to understand the practices of another culture. As Professor Avila stated in lecture â€Å"the minstrel show is one of the sites in history where this could be found. The 19th century was a time where people saw racial difference and were terrified by it. The existence of slavery and its uncertain future promoted a mixed range of responses by Americans and they were acted in a variety of ways† (Avila Lecture January 15th 2013). The minstrel shows are a perfect example of how White Americans acted out their own prejudice to enact their own culture in 19th and 20th century America. The Minstrel performers were often men of Jewish or Irish descent, which were two groups of people who were discriminated against even though they were White. Often, Jewish and Irish men took comfort in dressing up in Blackface for the minstrel shows because it allowed them to relate to the audience as well as the character they are portraying. These performers used minstrelsy as a platform to gain social hierarchy in American popular culture by bringing comic relief to a working class audience. Also, they often were able to finally express themselves once they put the Blackface make-up on because it served as a mask which hid their actual identity from the audience. These minorities were able to use their performances to gain acceptance from the dominant White American society. However, this upward social mobility came at a large price for African Americans during the 19th century. The depiction of African Americans as fools or grime savages in the minstrel show furthered the discrimination and stereotypes upheld by Anglo-Americans. Minstrels were not shifty in their theft of black cultural expressions and practices. The performers depicted these expressions quite brazenly, acknowledging and emphasizing the speeches and songs they created. At the same time, black face minstrels were the first self-conscious white entertainers in the world. While they told themselves they were only playing the role of an African American in American society, they often found their life struggles were very similar to those of the characters they portrayed. This mutual discrimination by dominant White America, allowed for African Americans and the White Americans portraying them in minstrel shows to bridge a formerly segregated gap in American society. Blackface minstrelsy was the first distinctly American theatrical form, and deeply rooted in American popular culture. In the 1830s and 1840s, it was at the core of the rise of an American music industry, and for several decades it provided the lens through which white America saw black America. On the one hand, it had strong racist aspects and furthered discrimination of minorities in America; on the other, it afforded white Americans a singular and broad awareness of what some whites of the time, considered significant aspects of black-American culture to be. Although the minstrel shows were extremely popular, being â€Å"consistently packed with families from all walks of life and every ethnic group†, they were also extremely controversial. Racial integrationists decried them as falsely showing happy slaves while at the same time making fun of them; segregationists thought such shows were â€Å"disrespectful† of social norms, portrayed runaway slaves with sympathy and would undermine the southerners’ â€Å"peculiar institution†. With Irish, German, Polish, Italian, Russian-Jews, and Native stock within the audience, the minstrel show provided a relational model by which those in audiences could unite in whiteness. And although the minstrel show sometimes did highlight interethnic diversities, they all could share in this particular joke – the laziness and stupidity of black people. African Americans were not the only minority group to suffer social, political and economic discrimination during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Native Americans who are the rightful owners of our beautiful land have faced harsh and cruel discrimination from dominant White American society. Throughout early American history, there was a strong push for Manifest Destiny, or the wide held belief that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. This ideology was upheld by most Americans because they believed that God had told them it was their destiny to settle on this land. Due to the fact that they believed it was their destiny, the settlers took little to no pity on the people who already inhabited the land they were seizing. The concept of Western expansion seemed to be on the forefront of every Americans mind during the late 19th century, allowing for new fears and anxieties to form about Native Americans. With leisure time becoming a strong part of American culture, there became a strong pull to produce shows to entertain the masses after a hard day’s work. Showmen such as William F. Cody began to produce shows like the Buffalo Bill show, which featured relations between cowboys and Indians. For 23 years, the show featured a skit called â€Å"attack on setter’s cabin† as the grand finale show. This skit would start by showing a frontier home which was set on fire by savages, each time the encircling group of Indians came close to the cabin, Buffalo Bill would ride out on his horse to the rescue and save the day. The common theme of the Buffalo Bill show was to reinforce the heroic image of the Cowboy who expanded the land from sea to shining sea, saving the lives of White Americans and killing the enemies who stopped their destiny. While William F. Cody would sometimes depict a Native American in some of the skits, he was often the heroic cowboy everybody was waiting to see. However, working as a Native American in the production of the Buffalo Bill show had its upside. William F. Cody did not adhere to government demands as often fought to resist them to gain rights for his employees. One example of his resistance is allowing his Native American actors to keep their long hair instead of assimilating to dominate society like the government demanded. Also, the Native Americans in the Buffalo Bill show were offered a unique opportunity that many minorities didn’t have during the 19th century in America. Cody offered the Native Americans the chance to travel the country and make an income that was sizable. Taking part in these reenactments of American history also allowed for Native Americans to hold onto a sliver of their culture in a society who is try to diminish their practices. However, the overall goal of the Buffalo Bill show was not to inform the public about the cultural and social practices of Native Americans, but rather a remedy for the fantasies and fears that flooded American society during the late 19th century As stated by professor Avila â€Å"the image of the Indian has this degree of symbolic flexibility to be able to contain the projected fantasies and anxieties of Native Americans† (Avila, Lecture, January 29th 2013). The onslaught of Modernity challenged the concept of identity for everyone in America. The anxieties of the upper class about a minority revolt were enhanced by the acceleration of modernity (Lawrence, American Culture). Modernity brought a deep sense of transformation from an old world order to a new society. â€Å"However, this allowed for the objectification of people and products alike, with things becoming abstract commodities, like people becoming cogs in a machine, rather than being an independent human† (Nasaw, Going Out). Suddenly during the late 19th century there was a strive for authenticity, or a culturally-constructed category created in opposition to a perceived state of inauthenticity; a way to imagine and idealize the real, the traditional, and the organic in opposition to the perceived inauthenticity of modern commercial life. Inauthenticity was beginning to plague the youth of America and there was a strong push toward needing to be authentic. One of the urban responses about the corruption of youth was the invention of boy scouts, which wanted to introduce frontier experiences to youth, with an emphasis on scouting, camping, exercise, and a wholesome relationship with nature. The concept of the Boy Scouts takes the idea of â€Å"playing Indian† to its fullest extent. The actual image of the Indian was important to the Boy Scouts understanding of nature and the things that inhabit it. The Boy Scouts idealized the image of a Native American because it represented the human removed from modern life, who is retaining virtues from nature by living in it. White Americans use â€Å"playing Indian† as a way of projecting their fears and anxieties about the unknown onto the lives of Native Americans. Although it is not a strong point of the Buffalo Bill show, William F. Cody was known for his performances as he heroic cowboy, but he sometimes depicted the â€Å"Indian† in some of his skits. The audience at the shows seemed to like when the White actor would dress up as Native Americans, because they felt like they could connect better with that actor and his struggles. The idea of â€Å"playing Indian† in American popular culture can be seen both negatively and positively. Unfortunately, â€Å"playing Indian† led to the development of new stereotypes and anxieties, as well as reinforced old stereotypes about Native Americans. This caused a lot of tension and fear between the White settlers and the Native inhabitants of the land. On the other hand, â€Å"playing Indian† allowed for a previously intolerant society to gain a better understanding of the cultures and societies around them. Through experimenting with â€Å"playing Indian† American popular culture has both hampered the historical relationship between marginalized social group and American dominate society as well as strengthened the bond between two previously segregated groups. The American concepts of Manifest Destiny and Western expansion created many fears and anxieties for the White settlers of the land. After the closing of the frontier in 1890, Americans began to face new anxieties that European settlers would come from all parts of Europe and demolish the democracy that America had worked so hard to create. We can accredit most of the need in America for White Americans to portray themselves as Indians to the concept of Modernization. With Modernization came the invention of the railroads and the automobile which gave a stronger push toward urbanization. White Americans felt the need to seek simpler times like they had before industrialization and modernization took their course on American popular culture. Throughout American popular culture, there has always been a need to enforce a social hierarchy to make sure that minority groups don’t gain any power. This has proven to be true throughout America history with different racial groups, but minorities do not stop at race. During the 19th and 20th century, women were seen an inferior to men in America simply because they are a different gender. The concept of gender identities is often visited in American popular culture. In lecture, we have discussed how gender roles play out in public spheres of the modern city such as dance halls where women were given freedom to dance and the creation of department stores which gave women the option to work and be part of something outside the home. However, prior to the mid-19th century, women were meant to adhere to tradition gender roles placed on them by society. The rise of the theater and vaudeville house, between 1820s and the 1900s, allowed for popular theater to emerge in the conversation of sexual identities. The female performers in Vaudeville became the agents and metaphors for ancient social roles. This was the era associated with the â€Å"new woman†, who became perceived by the public eye as non-traditional. The new woman was both a social reality, as depicted by Sarah Bernhardt and a cultural concept, as shown by the feminist revolution. It was coined at the end of the century, and described a woman changing her public behavior and adopting new roles within a previously bias society. At the turn of the 20th century, American had a new league of ambitious, educated women who often put off or refused marriage, and dedicated themselves to political causes and social reforms – these women were part of what was labeled as the new woman of the 20th century. By the time of World War I, women demanded political and economic equality with men. Most historians have seen the rise of the political women, but particularly in urban slices of society, an important venue of acceptance was seen. Sarah Bernhardt embodies this idea of the â€Å"new woman†, or a woman who doesn’t see her gender as a limitation to her life. Sarah Bernhardt formed her own theater company, and she was the first actor to tour on an international circuit. She often played the roles of women, many of which were familiar to American audiences. She also accredited for pioneering the form of the woman torn between power hungry aggressions and passive submissions. Onstage, she was usually very dramatic and could perform hysteria without shame, which was usually considered not ladylike. She caused many scandals by playing the roles of men in her plays, like in 1899 where she played the role of Hamlet. She upstaged men performing alongside her, jumping across masculine and feminine roles at the same time, blurring the lines between men and women, and blurring the line between a bad woman and a good woman. Whatever the case, her personality always dominated the characters she played. â€Å"She had an immodest presence and was known for shameless and bold publicity stunts. She could seize the possibilities for self-construction afforded by mass culture and spectacle† (Kasson, Amusing the Millions). She invented the farewell tour, and each tour was loaded with drama and tears. She did this to heighten a dramatic sense of finality, and was a master of advanced publicity and that of her own self-image. She was in control of her own self-image, not unlike women promoted by PT Barnum. Unlike Jenny Lin, Bernhardt called the shots for her performances, and that image was that of a high-strung and egotistic person. She took ownership of her public image, and though she was adored, she was criticized by males for being too unladylike. This could have suggested gender confusion at the time. Nonetheless, she contributes to the large visibility of women, and showed how women could change the terms with public culture. This created new examples of women that were willing to stand for their rights by asserting their demands for political equality. In contrast to the Bernhardt image, there were images in the 20th century American popular culture, which reinforced women as ornaments which were to be produced and handled by men. The creation of the chorus line gave birth to a new type of objectification. The amusement of the line resided with the ability for women who were the entire same image to show their ability to synchronize and choreograph their movements together. The line symbolized the application of the principles of scientific management to mass entertainment. These women who danced in the line all looked the same and held the same facial feature throughout the show almost as if they were wound up robots with someone controlling their every move. The idea is to synchronize limbs and bodies to a series and different steps, and in turn it reflects a faith into human engineering as entertainment. The chorus line was referred to a small army of femininity where women worked rigorously into being part of the crowd, and not an individual. They are parts of a whole, and are theatrically useless when they are separated from each other. They were displays of mechanical awareness, and that also broke the body to eroticize particular parts of the body, exposing these previously well hidden body parts to the public gaze. Historians argue that the chorus line is a perfect example of how men view women within a society; they are just pieces of a machine waiting to comply with a strong males command. These two different types of women that emerged in the 19th and 20th century in America show the strong influence that males had over women during this time period. The â€Å"new woman† was a rebellion against traditional gender roles, while the chorus line depicted a submissive woman who needs male guidance. Throughout 19th and 20th century American popular culture, there has been a lot of discrimination towards this idea of the â€Å"outsider†. In the minstrel show the outside is shown as an African-American male and the â€Å"insider† is the White family who paid to see the show. The creation of The Buffalo Bill show painted Native Americans as the â€Å"outsiders†, even though they inhabited the land before Americans even got here. Finally, American popular culture allowed for women to be depicted as the â€Å"outsider† and males to be presented as the â€Å"insiders†. However, even though these tragedies plague American popular culture minorities still find ways of resistance. Whether it be through Irish and Jewish culturally subordinate groups depicting the stereotypes of another minority to try to fit into mainstream American, or women like Sarah Bernhardt who don’t set limitations to their ambitions due to their gender, American counter culture has always found a way to strike back and its oppressor. I believe that American popular culture has allowed naive Americans to get a better perspective of the hardships faced every day by someone who is considered a â€Å"second class citizen†. American popular culture as both provided a gateway for minorities to fit into modern American society, as well as crumbled any hope for a sensitive bridging of gaps between social, political or racial groups within America. Works Cited Kasson, John. Amusing the Millions: Coney Island at the Turn of the Century. Hill and Wang; First Edition edition, 1978. Print. Levine, Lawrence, â€Å"American Culture and the Great Depression,† The Unpredictable Past: Explorations in American Cultural History Oxford University Press, 1993. Print. Nasaw, David, and . Going Out: The Rise and Fall of Public Amusements. Harvard University Press, 1999. Print.

A best Novel essays

A best Novel essays A best strategy in a novel is one in Pet sitting Here the plan is for the apartment building to burn down because the owner is having financial problems and he needs the insurance money nick the main character in. The book goes to the apartment to pet sit four different animals at the back of the apartment are older folks and the two young men are out most nights It just so happens the night nick decides to sleep at the apartment because the pet owner is out of town something happens As he is coming back from walking the dog the animal chases off in the alley. Nick and his friend follows they see the fire rescue and with the help of a hose the fire did not spread nick realizes the dog must have seen someone in the alley. So the first attempt to set the fire was failed. Suddenly the owner sends repair men to the apartment to fix it up. Eventually most of the apartment light is not working Some thing even stranger happens the dogs are suddenly sick and weak. Nick does not seem to understand. Without the repairmen knowing nick had to sleep again the apartment. He heard noise coming into the apartment and he hid. He hears the repair men talking everything. They made sure the lights were working so he the occupants would go some where else to stay. They even posioned the dog so they would not bark at them Suddenly nicks could see them pouring gas all over the apartment they were going to try again. But nick was quick thinking with the dogs sick he got Eloise the cat who liked scratching and running around to attack the workmen. He was then able to escape and get help and all the bad guys were arrested. ...

Barbados

Barbados is a small country located in the Caribbean Sea. The capital is Bridgetown with a population of about 8,789. The head of state of Barbados is Queen Elizabeth II and she is represented by General Dame Nita Barrow. The total population of the country is around 252,000. The main language is English and the predominant religion is Christianity. Their date of independence was November 30, 1966. Plagiarism Detection >Barbados is the eastern most Caribbean Island. It is about 200 miles North-North East of Trinidad and about 100 miles East- South East of St. Lucia. It is the second smallest country in the Western Hemisphere. The major urban centers in the area include Bridgetown, Speightstown, Oistins, and Holetown. The land is mainly flat except for a series of ridges that rise up to about 1,000 feet and then falling towards the sea.The climate of the region consists of tropical temperatures influenced by the Northeast trade winds. The average annual temperature is approximately 77 degrees Fahrenheit. The daily temperatures rarely get above 90 degrees Fahrenheit. The dry season is cool, while the wet season is slightly warmer. The main rains come during the months of July, August, September, October, and November. The annual average rainfall is 40 inches in the coastal areas and 90 inches in the central areas.The net migration into Barbados is 4.82 per 1000. The annual growth rate is 0.4%, which is one of the lowest in the world. The annual birthrate is 15.45 per 1000, and the annual deathrate is 8.27 per 1000. Barbados ranks fourth in the World in population density with the overall density being 1526 per square mile. The whole island is inhabited, leaving no sparsely populated areas. The main race is Negro, which is about 92% of the population. The remainder of the population is consists of Whites (3.8%), Mulattoes (3.8%), and East Indians (0.4%). About 70% of the population is Anglican. The other 30% belong to various denominations such as Moravian, Method ist, and Roman Catholic.Barbados was once under British control from 1624. Its House of Assembly, which began in 1639, is the third oldest legislative body in the Western Hemisphere. By the time Britain left in 1966, the island was completely English in culture. The British influence is still seen today in quaint pubs, cricket games on the village greens, and in the common law.Barbados government is British Parliament. The queen is the head of state and she is represented by the governor general. The governor general appoints an advisory council. The executive authority is the Prime Minister who is Owen Seymour Arthur which came into power on September 6, 1994. The Deputy Prime Minister is Billie Miller who also came into power on September 6, 1994. The democratic government works well in the country. They have had three general elections and one smooth transfer of power from the Democratic Labor Party to the Barbados Labor Party. Barbados carries on trade with other Caribbean natio ns and does have diplomatic relations with Cuba. Their closest relations are with the United Stated, and the United Kingdom. Barbados joined the United Nations is 1966.The economy of Barbados is one of the 35 upper middle-income countries of the world. They have a free-market economy, but the dominant sector is private. Their economy is based on sugar and tourism, but the government has encouraged a policy of diversification in order to achieve a more stable nation. They also depend on a light manufacturing industry. Their monetary unit is the Barbados dollar. The coins are made in 1, 5, 10, and 25 cents. The paper money is made in 1, 5, 10, 20, and 100 dollar bills. One U.S. dollar is equal to 2.01 Barbados dollar (1975).About 60% of the land is cropland. The agriculture industry employs 7.4% of the labor force and contributes about 8.7% to the Gross Domestic Product. Sugarcane makes up over half the acreage. Bananas are also grown, but only on a limited scale. Sea island cotton is also grown. All of the farmers are required by regulations to plant at least 12% of their arable land with some food crop.Barbados natural resources include petroleum, fishing, and natural gas. The fishing industry employs about 2,500 people and 500 small boats. Their are no natural forests in the country. Manufacturing contributes about 11.2% to the GDP. Manufacturing and mining employ about 18.9% of the labor force. The majority of the industrial establishments are engaged in some form of sugar processing. Sugar is the principal export. The principal imports include machinery, motor vehicles, lumber, and fuels. Barbados per capita income of $9,200 makes it one of the highest standards of living of all the small island states of the Eastern Caribbean. Barbados is also one of the many transshipment points for narcotics bound for the U.S. and Europe.Some of the current issues in the country consist of the pollution of coastal waters from the waste disposal ships, soil erosion, and i llegal solid waste disposal that threatens contamination of aquifers. Barbados is also plagued with natural disasters such as hurricanes and landslides. Their hurricane season is between the months of June and October, which is the same season as the U.S. Plagiarism Detection >SourcesThe World Factbook 1995. Central Intelligence Agency. 1995. The World in Figures. Showers, Victor. 1973. Library of Congress. Encyclopedia of the Third World. Kurian, George Thomas. 1987. Library of Congress. World Christian Encyclopedia: A comparative Study of Churches and the Religions in the Modern World, AD 1900-2000. Caribbean Week. Barbados. Internet.

Obesity and Diabetes ( Obesity is known to cause diabetes Essay

Obesity and Diabetes ( Obesity is known to cause diabetes - Essay Example Lichtarowicz [2004] studies that â€Å"More than 22 million children under five years old are obese or overweight, not only from affluent countries. Over 17 million of them are in the developing world. Each one of these children is at a much higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes†. To make the statement stronger the link that exists between type ii diabetes and obesity has been proved strappingly by genetist James Neel in 1962 says Marchand [2006]. In a research conducted by NIDDK, the already existing fact was proved that 95% of the Prima Indians with diabetes are found to be obese. They applied the â€Å"thrifty gene† theory of James Neel to investigate and realize the link that existed between diabetes and obesity. With the help of the theory NIDDK found out the fact that Prima Indians were habituated towards eating plenty of food with fat content, and hence resulted in obesity as a genetic problem which further ended up in diabetes for many who engaged in less physical activities. The U.S.Center for Disease Control has observed, â€Å"Occurrences of Obesity and diabetes increased in the United States between 2000 and 2001†. Their study helped in identifying the connection between overweight and obesity with diseases like diabetes, blood pressure, arthritis etc. The U.S. Center for Disease Control say that â€Å"those with a body mass index of 40 or higher had an increased risk of being diagnosed with diabetes (7.37 times greater)†. The connection between obesity and diabetes is that, if a body gathers more weight in terms of fat and if it does not involve in physical activities results in body maintaining the excess weight. Thus, â€Å"being overweight is one of the main risk factors for type ii diabetes. The more fatty issues you have, the more resistant your cells become top your insulin† reports Mayo Clinic [2006]. Maintaining the glucose level by eating food items with less fat